Resources

Brokerage and prop firm glossary.

Plain-language definitions for the terms you'll run into while running a white-label brokerage or prop trading firm. No jargon left unexplained.

Trading & Markets

Spread
The gap between the buy (ask) and sell (bid) price of an instrument. It is how many brokers earn revenue on client trades instead of, or in addition to, a commission.
Leverage
Borrowed exposure that lets a trader control a larger position than their account balance alone would allow, expressed as a ratio like 1:100. Higher leverage magnifies both gains and losses.
Lot size
The standardized unit of a trade. A standard forex lot is typically 100,000 units of the base currency; brokers also offer mini (10,000) and micro (1,000) lots.
Margin
The portion of a trader's balance set aside as collateral to open and hold a leveraged position. Free margin is what remains available to open new positions.
Margin call
An automatic warning (or forced action) triggered when a trader's equity falls close to their used margin, signalling that open positions are at risk of forced liquidation.
Drawdown
The decline in an account's value from its peak, usually shown as a percentage. Prop firms cap maximum drawdown as a core risk rule for evaluations and funded accounts.
Slippage
The difference between the price a trader expects and the price their order actually fills at, usually caused by fast-moving markets or execution latency.
Bid / Ask
The bid is the price a market will buy an instrument from a trader; the ask is the price it will sell at. Traders buy at the ask and sell at the bid.
Pip
The smallest standardized price move for most currency pairs, typically the fourth decimal place (0.0001). Used to quote spreads and profit/loss in forex.
Contract size
The number of units of the underlying asset represented by one lot of a given instrument, varying by asset class (forex, metals, crypto, indices).

Prop Firm & Evaluations

Challenge
A paid evaluation a trader buys and must pass, by hitting a profit target while staying within loss and drawdown limits, before being offered a funded account.
Phase
A stage within a challenge. Many prop firm programs use two phases (Phase 1, Phase 2) before funding; some offer single-phase or instant-funding tracks.
Profit target
The percentage gain a trader must reach in a challenge phase to advance, commonly 8-10% for Phase 1 and slightly lower for Phase 2.
Daily loss limit
The maximum a trader's account may lose within a single trading day before the challenge is automatically failed, resetting at a fixed daily cutoff.
Max drawdown (challenge)
The maximum the account may fall from its starting balance (or, for trailing drawdown, from its highest recorded equity) across the entire evaluation.
Funded account
The live or simulated account a trader receives after passing all challenge phases, from which they can request profit payouts under the firm's split terms.
Payout split
The percentage of trading profit a funded trader keeps versus what the firm retains, commonly 70/30, 80/20, or 90/10 in the trader's favor.
Instant funding
A track that skips the evaluation phases entirely, usually at a higher price, moving a trader directly to a funded account.
Reset / retry
Restarting a failed or in-progress challenge on a fresh account, often at a discount to the original purchase price.

Operations & Compliance

White label
Software built and operated by one company but sold and rebranded by another as if it were their own product, under the reseller's own name and domain.
KYC (Know Your Customer)
The process of verifying a client's identity, typically via government ID and proof of address, before allowing deposits or withdrawals.
AML (Anti-Money Laundering)
Policies and monitoring designed to detect and prevent the use of a platform to disguise the origins of illegally obtained funds.
Tenant isolation
An architecture where each operator's data, clients, and settings are fully separated from every other operator on the same underlying platform.
Back office / CRM
The admin-facing system operators use to manage clients, approve deposits and withdrawals, review trades, and configure platform settings.
IB (Introducing Broker)
A partner who refers clients to a broker in exchange for a commission, typically based on the referred client's trading volume or deposits.
Segregated account
A bank account that holds client funds separately from a company's own operating funds, so client money is protected if the company faces financial trouble.
Liquidity provider
An institution (often a bank or specialist firm) that supplies the tradable prices and depth a broker streams to its clients.

Platform & Technology

Multi-tenancy
A single software system serving many independent customers (tenants), each with isolated data, from one shared codebase and infrastructure.
Trade room
The client-facing interface where trades are actually placed and monitored: charts, order ticket, open positions, and price feed.
WebSocket feed
A persistent connection used to stream live price updates to a browser in real time, instead of the browser repeatedly asking a server for new prices.
RTL (Right-to-Left)
A layout mode required for languages like Arabic and Hebrew, where text and interface elements are mirrored from the default left-to-right layout.
SSL / TLS
The encryption protocol behind the padlock in a browser's address bar, required for any domain handling logins, deposits, or personal data.

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Rules, risk and payouts

The terms that decide whether a challenge passes and whether a payout is made.

Trailing drawdown

A maximum drawdown that follows your account upward as it grows, so the loss limit rises with every new high. Contrast with a static drawdown, which is fixed against your starting balance. This single distinction changes how much room a trader actually has more than the headline percentage does.

Static drawdown

A maximum drawdown measured against the starting balance and never moved. More forgiving than a trailing drawdown once an account is in profit, because gains are not clawed into the limit.

Equity high water mark

The highest equity value an account has reached, used as the reference point for a trailing drawdown. Whether it is measured on equity or on closed balance decides whether an unrealised spike tightens the limit.

Consistency rule

A limit on how much of a profit target may come from a single day or trade, commonly 30 to 40 percent. It exists to distinguish a repeatable edge from one lucky position.

Minimum trading days

The number of separate days a trader must place trades before a challenge can pass. Stops a single large winner completing an evaluation on day one.

Scaling plan

A published schedule under which a consistently profitable funded trader is given a larger account, usually tied to profit milestones and time.

Evaluation fee

The amount a trader pays to attempt a challenge. In most jurisdictions this is treated as a service fee for an assessment rather than a deposit of client funds, which is why prop firms typically operate without a broker licence.

Hold period

The waiting time between a payout being requested and being paid. Traders discuss this publicly and it is one of the most cited reasons for choosing one firm over another.

Breach

Any violation of the challenge rules that ends an evaluation or a funded account, most often exceeding the daily loss limit or maximum drawdown.

Prohibited strategy

A trading approach a firm does not allow, typically martingale, grid, latency arbitrage, tick scalping or copy trading across multiple accounts. Should be written into the rules before launch, because a payout cannot fairly be denied for something the rules never mentioned.

Martingale

Doubling position size after a loss to recover it. Prohibited by most prop firms because it hides risk until it produces a sudden total loss.

Grid trading

Placing layered orders at set intervals in both directions without a directional view. Commonly prohibited for the same reason as martingale.

Latency arbitrage

Exploiting a delay between a broker's quoted price and the underlying market. Prohibited almost universally, as it profits from an infrastructure gap rather than a market view.

Bridge

Software connecting a trading platform to liquidity providers, routing orders and returning fills.

A-book

A model where client orders are passed to the market. The broker earns from spread or commission and does not profit from client losses.

B-book

A model where the broker takes the other side of client orders internally. Profitable when clients lose, and the source of most conflict of interest concerns.

Swap

The overnight financing charge or credit applied to a position held past the daily rollover.

Requote

A rejected order returned with a new price because the market moved during execution. Frequent requotes are a common trader complaint.

Execution speed

Time between an order being submitted and filled. Usually quoted in milliseconds and a common point of comparison.

Market maker

A firm quoting both a buy and sell price and profiting from the difference.

STP

Straight Through Processing. Orders passed directly to liquidity providers without manual intervention.

Chargeback

A card payment reversed by the cardholder's bank. High chargeback rates put a merchant account at risk, which is why prop firms are treated as higher risk by many processors.

PEP

Politically Exposed Person. A customer in a prominent public role who requires additional checks under anti money laundering rules.

Source of funds

Evidence of where a customer's money came from, collected as part of anti money laundering compliance.

Payout reserve

Money set aside to pay funded traders who succeed. The most common cause of failure in a growing prop firm is spending this on marketing.

Merchant account

The banking arrangement that lets a business accept card payments. Approval usually depends on legal pages, refund policy and KYC being in order.

Affiliate

A partner who refers customers in exchange for commission. Most prop firm growth is affiliate driven.

Multi tier commission

An affiliate structure where a partner also earns on the partners they recruit. A common gap in thin affiliate tooling.

Last click attribution

Crediting a sale to the most recent referral link clicked. Simple, and the reason many affiliate systems undercount partners who introduced a customer earlier.

Server to server tracking

Attribution recorded between servers rather than in the browser, so it survives ad blockers and cookie restrictions.

Churn

The rate at which customers stop paying. For prop firms, the equivalent measure is how many traders never buy a second challenge.

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